Local order metrics for two-phase media across length scales*

Epitaxial Nanostructures across Length and Time Scales

Comparison of Two Standard Scales for Pain Perception during Local Anesthetic Injection in Children

Background and Aim: Local anesthetic injection is among the most anxiety-provoking procedures in children. Some scales are currently available to quantify the level of pain experienced based on the child’s behavior. The purpose of this study was to compare two commonly used pain scales. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth study was conducted on 49 healthy children aged 3.5 to 9 years who n...

Local density fluctuations, hyperuniformity, and order metrics.

Questions concerning the properties and quantification of density fluctuations in point patterns continue to provide many theoretical challenges. The purpose of this paper is to characterize certain fundamental aspects of local density fluctuations associated with general point patterns in any space dimension d. Our specific objectives are to study the variance in the number of points contained...

Utilization and control of bioactuators across multiple length scales.

In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the emerging field of bioactuators across a multitude of length scales. First, we discuss the use and control of biomolecules as nanoscale actuators. Molecular motors, such as DNA, kinesin, myosin, and F1-ATPase, have been shown to exert forces in the range between 1 pN to 45 pN. Second, we discuss the use and control of single and small c...

Engineered Solder-Directed Self-Assembly Across Length Scales

We report on recent progress in the directed self-assembly of discrete inorganic semiconductor device components. Different from prior research, the goal is to enable the integration of increasingly small dies while supporting unique-angle orientation and contact pad registration. The process is based on the reduction of surface free energy between liquid solder coated areas on the substrate an...